A Universal Resource Locator, or URL in short, is a particular type of uniform resource identifier that points to the location of a web resource on a computer network and how it can be retrieved. Thus, the terms URL and URI, though used interchangeably, are not the same. Moreover, URLs refer to web pages; however, they can also be used to reference database access (JDBC), email (mailto), and file transfer (FTP), among many others. A standard URL consists of an Http called protocol, the hostname (www.lorumepsum.com), and the name of a file (index.html).
Tim Berners-Lee defined the URL in 1994. He also invented the World Wide Web and the URI. Tim’s invention (URL) combined two essential systems that were already in use. These systems were the domain names and file path syntax. The file path system uses slashes to specify and different directories from filenames. Which these, all HTTP URL follow the specific syntax of a typical URI. The typical syntax of any URI has five sequential elements. These are: URI = scheme: [//authority]path[?query][#fragment]. These five components always follow in this hierarchy.
The internet consists of users from every corner of the globe. There is a vast diversity in the alphabets, languages, numerals used online. Thus, its universality sets a standard for all members of the internet community to communicate with ease. Therefore, everyone can create a URL irrespective of country, language, or race. Hence, we saw the birth of the Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI). The IRI is a URL with Unicode characters in it. Furthermore, all present-day web browsing applications support IRIs. In the URL, the path and the domain name are the two parts that require special attention for different alphabets.
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